Engleză/Gramatică/Prezent perfect nedefinit

Present Perfect Tense (numit și The Indefinite Present Perfect) este un timp verbal în limba engleză. În limba română poartă numele de Perfect prezent nedefinit sau Prezentul nedefinit.

Acest timp este caracteristic limbii engleze și exprimă:

  • acțiuni și stări care au avut loc și s-au consumat anterior momentului vorbirii, dar care sunt în legătură cu prezentul;
  • acțiuni obișnuite sau repetate regulat (indicate cu adverbe de timp ca: always, often, every day.

Acest timp verbal se formează din infinitivul verbului de conjugat[1], la care în cazul persoanei a III-asingular se adaugă -s


Exemplu cu verbul to be
Forma afirmativă Forma negativă Forma interogativă


I have been I have not (haven't) been Have I been?
You have been You have not (haven't) been Have you been?
He/She/It has been He/She/It has not (hasn't) been Has He/she/it been?
We have been We have not (haven't) been Have we been?
You have been You have not (haven't) been Have you been?
They have been They have not (haven't) been Have they been?


Exemplu cu verbul to learn
Forma afirmativă Forma negativă Forma interogativă Forma negativ-interogativă


I have learned I have not learned Have I learned? have I not learned?
You have learned You have not (haven't) learned Have you learned? Have you not learned?
He/she it has learned He/She/It has not (hasn't) learned Has He/she/it learned? Has he/she/it not learned?
We have learned We have not (haven't) learned Have we learned? Have we not learned?
You have learned You have not (haven't) learned Have you learned? Have you not learned?
They have learned They have not (haven't) learned Have they learned? Have they not learned?



Exemplu cu verbul to learn, forma contrasă
Forma afirmativă Forma negativă Forma negativ-interogativă
I've learned I haven't learned Haven't I learned?
You've learned You haven't learned Haven't you learned?
He's/she's/it's learned He/She/It hasn't learned Hasn't he/she/it learned?
We've learned We haven't learned Haven't we learned?
You've learned You haven't learned Haven't you learned?
They've learned They haven't learned Haven't they learned?


Răspuns scurt (short answer)

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În cazul răspunsului afirmativ nu putem folosi forma contrasă, iar în cazul răspunsului negativ folosirea formei contrase este obligatorie:

  • Yes, I have.
  • Yes, you have.
  • Yes, he/she/it has.
  • Yes, we have.
  • Yes, you have.
  • Yes, they have.
  • No, I haven't.
  • No, you haven't.
  • No, he/she/it hasn't.
  • No, we haven't.
  • No, you haven't.
  • No, they haven't.

Referințe

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  1. Leon LEVIȚCHI, Ioan PREDA - Gramatica Limbii Engleze Editura 100+1 Gramar, București 1997

Vezi și

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